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We bring you the spirit of the things in the book and author luncheon transcribed earlier this afternoon at the Grand Ballroom of the hotel after the affair mainstay of the city's cultural life I thought sponsored on a nonprofit basis by the New York Herald Tribune and the American pathologist will be. Among our distinguished authors speakers today and Mr Chester Bowles Admiral Leslie feast even and if not a standout here now is I read her van Doren literary editor of The New York Herald Tribune and that's just a pair of monies for the book another luncheon with then don't. Think it is a. Wonderful at telling you anything about him and his background I'd like to say that his Russian assignment is the first book I read and I've read a good many books about Russia that have given me any mental picture of what restaurant Rashtriya life today really it's people like. IMO Stevenson had a long and distinguished career in the United States Navy on destroying your duty until the end of the First World War he did post graduate work in aeronautical engineering at Annapolis and MIT and after flight training so as a naval aviator and technical advisor on the experimental carrier line. He was among the first to land on a rigid and get a life and it was assisted maybe last year in London thirty four. To thirty seven years officer in charge of experiments with. Thirty seven to forty. Blue on kind I'm very very light use Elan with seeing Ireland was naval Observer in London during the Blitz was on the start of the commander of aircraft in the Pacific and bodies bought. Advance through the rewrites to reroll info he said he was present at the bikini atomic test in bodies and in forty seven to nine naval Irish and I'm a bit out of shape but I asked in Moscow years with the Joint Chiefs of Staff from fifty to fifty one when he was retired at his own request as a vice admiral This is by our factual record means that he had a hand in the design or conception of all of various types of aircraft and aircraft carriers and gear used in the landing of a craft on board ships in World War two And except for a break of a year and a half he was in charge of the entire experimental program for naval aviation but can lead for thirty seven to forty seven now he is working with the American Committee for liberation from Boettcher that there's a sign like to Russia must of been the pope Philmont of a long held dream so he says the beginning in nineteen thirty three he read Russian continuously and systematically even if as during the war in the Pacific only a few moments a day were available when he reached Moscow he began immediately to improve his speech by teachers by talking to the servants by attending the theatre I listening to radio and found a knowledge of the language so important to an understanding of what was going on a belly that he made it unable requirement for a mask our assignment. As a result of his eager curiosity is the only easy relaxed friend in this he considered himself a guest in the country and acted accordingly he was able to gather a wealth of impressions and experience. He saw a great public spectacle celebrating the eight hundredth anniversary of Moscow the thirtieth anniversary of the Red Army the May Day parade he noted that women really make Russia they do most of the heavy work coupling trains laying pavements cleaning streets planting trees and. In the theater during his first winter he saw five of the three hundred plays on the boards in Moscow in the summer we found. From modesty a Russian sailors in the Green River. Depressed by the mystery silence and millions that often prevented the Russians from answering his simplest question over and over again he ran into great prison a stockade some German some Russian and he found himself constantly under the surveillance of M.V.D. agents the unnecessary irritations and delays of Soviet bureaucracy were maddening but they were fishing and hunting in the Volga marshes and exciting their long white nights in Leningrad when people filled the streets and parks in a civilized book a perceptive sensitive observer and an engaging skillful writer wearing his extensive learning lightly gives us the most human picture we have of the Russian people and their land contrasts I'm happy to be able to introduce to you the author of Russian assignment and no legislation. Thank you so much. Hard for me to live up to that. When it was suggested that I do what is known as say a field where each day more than a little reluctant because I make small for ten still being a writer and I don't have to tell you that I'm no Baker. I've always found it particularly difficult to speak on Russia that is not from lack of thing is to shape but for quite a different reason all of us tend to crash late any thing that happens to us any bed of information that we get on any subject at all it's almost impossible for us to do anything except the tend to translate that into terms of our own experience and our own standards we have to relate it in some way unconsciously to the war on alive. Now on the background and the surroundings of Russia and the Lions that the people have there are still completely alien to anything that any of us have ever experienced that we continually measure lead ourselves and forming judgments about Russia by relating that to our own experience one would think that. Any. Straightforward direct question on Russia could be a sham Blanchard whether with the champagne direct yes or no. But. Far not the best not the case is hardly a question that people can ask on Russia that I can answer where the simple yes or no the reply always has to be but or no but and followed by about ten minutes of the dissertation on on of what it is if you're in a main the qualifications if you have to put in it just to keep people from running it to their own standards and their own experience. Of course it is rather clear that the reason for that is because those of us who have never had the doubtful privilege of living in the Soviet Union do not have any common common background or any point of departure on a country. Writing assignment. Was not read and for publication out on. I have been and so many strange and interesting places in the course of my life and the name of that again and again I have been extremely regretful at the wait time erodes away the notion of your impressions and you will tend to lose the memory of anything except the very high spots of things that have happened to you. And Roger the professional requirements that were laid on me were. More like it and I'm so that for once I was able to do something about it for myself and for my own I didn't keep my diary or a journal or anything of that. And in the normal sense of the word and in the sense that the day I did this year that or solace such and such I went somewhere but from time to time as as things interested me or impressed me or I thought they were worth remembering why I've tried to have mental adequate words for for my. Own the ocean and I feel it you. That one time. Edward wage the editor of that manic Monthly who. I think is one of the most sympathetic and sensitive people that I've ever encountered was on my home all the way can in connection with some I think the issues that I was doing for them Matic monthly and I show and wait. These are these things that I had done they were they were just on on different colored scraps of paper and anything I could find it was nothing orderly about them or anything of the shark while he's took them back to Boston and went over them. With Mr Martin and with others and they may seem to find them interesting they are real justification for me in putting them in shape and publishing on it is that it seems to me they come as close as I am able to manage to provide a substitute for living in Russia. It goes as far as I am able to go provide quite a bit of this common background that people show to have in order to understand and make judgments and it seems to me that because of what it might be possible to. Take think patients I love my own or someone else and judge them better and certainly to understand them better. Then. I have always had a weakness for the short of things that you can infer from. Or the old fashion travel a copy. Of a more leisure only account of a strange foreign land. I like that sort of thing and it appeals to me much more than the shards of writing which. Used to hit you over the head that starts off with the proposition Communism is a bad thing and then tries to demonstrate why it weren't as bad I think a Russian assignment is as a travel book more than anything else and yet you'll find it in all the bookshops under political books. I couldn't talk at a body at a putting it anywhere else I think possibly the reason for that is that there is nothing nothing whatsoever in the Soviet Union that does not have politics or connotations to it that's one of the vast differences between shelving that life on our own life. Everything must be to be understood must be viewed in political terms. However I trying to. Not that I tried to do it but the sort of thing that cam out of what way and Mr Martin and myself tried to. Present the material what happened to me and let. People draw their own can approach rather than to try to argue from from a preconceived point. As a result of an occasional read the order has. Complained because. They said that I seemed to be in a sort of a state of passion puzzlement. About Russia. Or an occasional criticism that I had a lack of political conviction. Well I. Plead guilty to the fact that I was in a state of PA and I'm still in a state of puzzlement about about some things about Russia I'm always puzzled about things that I can understand and put into words and I refuse to be positive about of that long as I am positive. On the other hand as far as political conviction is concerned I want to reveal Sterling Norris I think. Pleased with that it started off saying this quietly devastating book well I don't see how it could have been devastating unless there was a political viewpoint in it and I don't have very strong political convictions on on things that I understand them passionately. However. It is almost impossible. For the validity of those going to make change according to the same standards that we that you demand profile in the western world because Soviet Russia is called She quit. And has been. To take what other call convictions of importance and present them adequately would require all this background a lot of it along this your patients that have to interrupt what appears to be the simplest point to keep from. From possibility of much understanding or image application that is it would demand. Articles along articles or a whole book and this just wasn't that kind of a book or the place or as it is it is a long book. Since it was already at the time it wasn't a question of what I would write a bob but a question of what would be would be cut out and I I I feel myself that there's not a single paragraph and a block that isn't there for a good part as either either it expresses a mode. Where or it makes a specific point where it seems to repeat for attention is there there are several occasions where. I describe the Russians or about why both of which are just talk there they are. Those are things that are right and that was part of it well. And. Those are replicated I think in every case it's an article bringing in additional or different ideas and certainly not for the sake of reputation. I think everybody in Russia and like probably a lot of your people here are. Interested more than anything else and the one basic important question of war or peace and. I was asked on all sides I don't think one has to be very much of a prophet not to tell whether there is going to be war or peace but to be able to state the conditions under which you are well are well not concerned come and I am sure I'm confident in one of the convictions that I deal have that there will be in all our right Halo not go to war against us as long as we do not make it too easy for them that way not to make it easy to be momentarily strong if we are alone isolated without allies we are an attractive target no question but that the the communists who are Russia want one world one communist world and they can't be talked out of it and they're not going to change their mind but most of that what we are strong if we have aligned if we are not a parade the internal dissension the economic crises labor troubles social disorder that got us apart then as a time when they would when war would be attractive to them and also when they are sure of being able to rely on their own people. I cannot document that but I think not only what I have written but others such as. It would be in land. Our rights our secret our lives. Are more and more books appearing which well documented. Should. Keep it from coming. Along. The the. Implications to put into it. And the. Country. Of two hundred. And a. Home. In the meantime. Revelation. In this country I can. Count on that flight. She was born in the Homestead period of Northwest Nebraska a crippled but fiery father and a mother who like most pioneer women worked in the field days from the time she was five she was left alone to camp for the younger children I was ever a lot of the time she was seven she was sometimes alone with them as much as two days and two nights when her parents had to make the necessary trip to town by seven she knew other things too something of the Indian wars a half brother was a good friend of the two and the Cheyennes who had lived with them since the tragic life she'd seen a great deal of the stuff like cattlemen fight our father was a star witness for the government against the Kalman she remembers how much a lot hired by the cattlemen having shot down her father's brother in cold blood came to get him revolver in the hand that I overdrew ready with right quality showed us the spirit of his hosts and left some years later she found the muzzle of that same rifle against touch as in one of the the violent rages over who had taken the gun the one of his neighbors just assisting the press the trigger she struck the stop down and the shock went well and fury aided Father Boyle the rifle on her but just assisting him against the tense on the trigger he dropped it and went off into the woods not to return until night but she learned what she calls a wonderful at home as with the world from her violent father at seven she knew the meaning of every change your various and Sky The lead to take on a wild goose on the wings how to catch a mink on em in the coyote how to remove a pelvis and cure it she also knew the history of Napoleon's campaigns and the multiplication table to twenty five times to either from. By the time she was ten she was baking a only nine pound sack of flour every week in the bread horizon so she confesses that if there was anything at all that had to read she would let the red van and a baby cry at fourteen she and her brother do one had to search for cattle as a good deed in a blizzard they saved all but a few by sitting the Malibu drift but it took a solid day and night and she was no blind by night totally blind for six weeks and she's never recovered the sight of one eye schooling was delayed till she was not time by the fact that she had no shoes and by her father's contempt for the local teachers there was no school beyond the eighth grade but as soon as she was old enough she sneaked off to take the teacher's examination in defiance of her father and taught country school of five years until she made her way to the university all this time she wrote generally on the pen names and sent stories to various magazines her father whipped her once for writing when she was ten and once when she was runner up for Harper's intercollegiate short story contest he found out and wrote a college a single sentence you know I consider artists and writers the maggots of society. However after a lifetime of opposition to attempts to write when he lay dying he said to us if you must write by them to write the story of my life that was old drew a story well worth reading. Taken a great many things in her stride but they're. One of them is the sign of the exploited another. Color. Of the right to work in pride and dignity the. Nation that she has written shine on. I'll the day. About. Their flight. As a. Very well dressed and with. And these people. The respect. Literally starving and they will pursue and we have a. Feeling of safety. In the United States. And no other place where people can feel secure. Secure but there are people. Less secure have people. Much less secure in. Flight Of course you would. Think that. But I want to know something about people these chime the northern China hands are these small planes try small groups Alexander and stocked with a false language that even in tribal oratory sounds like a rippling of a brook I have only heard one angry giant speak in all my life and even the descendant of little the wolf the main chief in this outbreak was a man who when things got very bad and he thought that that was going to be annihilation of his people became like a grizzly bear no longer human and he would roar out in a very on trial and worry that he would strike that is warriors who wanted to retreat there was nothing left of all the Cheyenne cultures when he saw his people retreating before. Especially when the women and children were just behind and there was no one except he and the warriors the same the Shi'a and came from the north they had been shot and they had tried to be a peaceful people. But there were always available whenever the United States Army had to make a little show they. Were almost political pressures that you must get the Indians out of the way they stood in the way of progress just in the way of the room just in the way of factors just in the way of everything that the white man wanted to do and so you had to get rid of the the what was an open mic called an extermination policy the government in the sixty's in the seventy's you exterminated they neither by shooting him or if you insist upon not being shot then you problem on the reservation because you had to have this moment I'm not here to say what should have been done but I do like to remember the Canada succeeded in taking the whole region without one indian more so it could have been done with less budget but that's neither here nor there now and I see that. The Shi'a and her crowd southward they had they had tried to be peaceful they've given up an eight hundred seventy seven on the buckle of the down on the promise of a reservation on the Yellowstone they came in and the theme of the are disarmed of course they were told where to go they were told to go south not on the reservation they wanted this was not the military's fault I hasten to add this is Congress a stipulation in the appropriation for the Congress that they're not not on the reservation in the north but only if they went out to their relatives could they have any food it all started with the with nothing to do go out but they did get a promise from the from the government that if they didn't like it they could come back they didn't like the Southern people got less appropriation activists almost a thousand Chinese and came down then they had before that for the road less than for these people felt very unwelcome on top of that of malaria they were not of the Northern people. They had no immunity to malaria it was different very starvation there was humiliation so the trees and the chief went to the agent said we are going back they were told they couldn't go back and military sent out with a cannon down face down upon the camp they were told that they had to come into the aid that night they left they had the bad luck with being a bright moonlight night and with this cannon pointed down upon them they started know they got away every one of them without being detected the less there are six the larger standing and everything all their property except what these they could carry on their backs once more the women carried because a man must have both and free most of them had only both Now if you cannot shoot a bore now with one hand you must not been come bundled they had almost no hope for the respect that evening when they left they had to leave a small girl still warm with just died in the one of the largest but they had to hasten on they had no time to take it to the rocks of the shy and very happy before they were gone very far one of the women had to fall back and the first son of the new flight was blown the look on this of with great joy this was a. Kind of. Harbinger of good luck they had started in there but they hadn't gone many miles until he started in life you see they fled on this far to get the first night it wasn't until morning of course of the discovery that the these lives were empty. They went far enough to get a little Buffalo meet the first meet some of them had we of course been in those days when you got nothing else but me the very little. Food given out of A.B.C. but it wasn't given out of these rebels because they wanted to go north for the some of them hadn't had anything to eat for three or four days in the meantime already dissension broke up you cannot get a group of people a group of people who have enough courage and enough determination enough in the vigilance to start a flight like this to all agree how it should be done individuals don't agree well that's why liberal groups always fall out there always everybody has an idea how the best way to do it in there. Comes up this idea that among the Cheyennes no man can be compelled to follow you're only a leader for long you have a following and the following is almost a completely voluntary thing no one has the ball no one have to do anything in Indian society except be a good head of the in the season to be a good citizen or the Cheyennes believe you could be ostracized but there is no punishment of any kind as we know it there are no jails there are no locks were no paper you cannot tolerate the ineluctable a society. Which all thieves we have a mount you cannot tolerate a liar in a paperless society a society the have no record of the word for liars or there are now and even the shedding of blood accidentally or shy of offices for four years it didn't make a difference who it was. Even even a woman killing a man and in defense of others she was compelled to do that but she would be ostracized this happened on the flight known as one of the women her father practices rape and in the attack she killed him but he had to be ostracized she and her family had to make the way north along after that. There were two leaders in this group one of the younger man little was the same one who would like a grizzly bear when the banquet and then of us don't live down my for the old chief the one who believed in the white man's word because you believed in people up north nothing ever been done to him so consequently he believed in the white man's words when they got back north they would be well treated they fought their way north constantly with this dissension among them however the kept together until a gap clear up to the Black River several times the recent round of one time there were twelve thousand. Troops afoot after them from a far away a Fort Lauderdale Florida. They were. Closed and well guarded several times it was just a matter in the morning when they would surrender in the morning there was nothing left maybe a month from this part a bit of of. Himself some time nothing left no sign of the Indians once more they were gone there were three railroad at that time the cross the found a favorite band of the physics and the units of the telegram never a telegraph everywhere everybody knew always where the Indians were never in question but and the country was flat some place is nothing but buffalo grass to the horizon and yet they kept hidden yet they got away somehow by this theme of the leadership that developed there always had good leaders but they had never done this kind of thing before Luke Wilson though my fell out of the play at some live thought that is not going the farther that the people had been had always kept their promises he had grown up in a society where you did not live and he started up towards red and was captured and thrown into the barracks but for problems later when they were told they had to go south there was a terrible outbreak of the slaughter everyone would rather die than go back while everyone there was no one in that group that would move off to peace people into the Sandy. Winter not very far from where we now have ranches in fact my sister runs cattle and on that valley is spent the whole winter they are hidden and not once where they detected but this terrible discipline never said a Matheson on Fanfan words show around snow with a chill there were various flights where people almost broke. Succeeded in getting. The two thousand people living. But. We have. I think. Really. The. Problem of people. Free lives. And I think. That with. Something. Like. The the. And it. Is a. Physical energy. Problem. Soon after graduation from Yale he went to work on the Springfield Republican newspaper which is great grandfather had founded late on him a most successful advertising career climax when he became chairman of the board of Benton and Bowles advertising agency but three days after Pearl Harbor Mr Bowles gave up business to add a government that he was then thirty nine rationing administrator for Connecticut old P.A. administrator and chairman of the Economic Stabilization Board he turned at the end of the world to the international field he went to the United States delegate to the first UNESCO conference in Paris became chairman of the United States and the nation's appeal for children and was a special consultant secretely nineteen forty eight Mr Bowser into politics public service to a man with a sense of responsibility elected governor of Connecticut he emphasized during his administration big banks and of the state welfare systems and then again his most interesting experience one in which all his previous experiences I am sure of proved. Nine hundred fifty one President Truman appointed him ambassador to India in the past the present books ambassadors report is an account of that term of beauty he and his family who played an important part in it approached the assignment with a sincere desire to learn and understand and with the natural friendliness of spirit shots to find that in the largest free nation in the world with nearly four hundred million people we had fewer State Department employees than we had in Greece with eight million. You set about to make those employees as effective as possible classes in Hindi were open for members of the embassy staff and their wives for all new employees and their families and introduction to India of course was set up which included a review of Indian history culture languages and I would line of the Indian five year plans lectures by Indians on the Gandhi movement visits to hospitals schools welfare centers and nearby villages and he encouraged his staff to get about the country that he himself spent at least eighty percent of his time away from his desk traveling into the most remote corners of India in eighteen months he crossed India East and West fourteen times and six times north and some covering some sixty thousand miles all the cities and hundreds of towns and villages and the same thing happened in the pile and on so-called vacations which he spent in Indochina Thailand Burma Indonesia Malaysia and other parts of Asia on the basis of his experience is intense study his significant talks with high and low Mr Bowles tells us the things we most need to know about India and by with Asia as a whole what Marilu is like is hope inane is weak weaknesses and strengths extend the nature of communism in India the Gandhi legacy India's great efforts of industrial development health education and agriculture the progress in breaking up the large landholdings which he considers the most needed reform throughout Asia and above all things the importance for us of understanding and being understood in this vast section of the still free will. The documents his conviction that the history of time will be written in. The political. Distinguished public servant. Thank you ladies and gentlemen. A month or two in India written a book with the greatest ease everything was extremely simple everything was in order and I thought I was beginning to see the pattern of this country at the end of the year and a half almost impossible task. For five years I'm sure I could never written a book. Because. There are so many factors and just when you think you see. Something that contradicts everything and to think that you know. So I can assure you. It's been done with a great sense of humility and conviction certainly proven wrong in some parts of the book and some of the things that I said. Came back. With a deep feeling of the importance of a feeling that. Decided in Asia and. That we know. We'd always thought of Asia as remote and mysterious inscrutable as something very far away the truth of the matter is that we've never really taken the trouble to study a ship. To read up on in our schools or in our colleges I know when my fourteen year old boy went to school in Essex last fall he came home very excited and said we're going to study world history he was interested in world history because he'd spent nearly two years an atheist going to an Indian school and I said Sam I'm awfully afraid you're going to be disappointed I'll bet you a Coca-Cola with a straw in it that your world history was dark in Egypt and I go through the cow there and there Assyrian through Greece and Macedonia and find a row and then on the R. and I doubt that you ever go for the east in the Elba River Unfortunately I won my bet because that is world history that is world culture for us Americans and yet it stands pointed out that's only really about one third of the world and the frightening thing today that as I travel throughout the country speaking and lecturing on Indian Asia I've yet to find a university anywhere that teaches really world history as an undergraduate course and so feeling that very deeply I tried to share my own experience what I thought and hoped I learn with it many people might be interested the Russians have always understood the importance of Asia Lenin and nineteen twenty said that the Road to Power is lies through Calcutta and Peking he meant by that that if a zip it came communist then Europe would be undermined and the world would be a communist world and a Soviet Union went to work in Asia all out in the very earliest period of the world of the Russian Revolution Fortunately they were very clumsy they made every mistake that you could conceive of twenty years. They thought after the Second World War was over that they would easily gobble up India in an age of the Philippines Burma Thailand and the rest but all those countries they failed and China unhappily communism succeeded and Mao's victory in CA and China in a sense gave the Soviet Union and communism a second lease of life in Asia now today as you as I went to a few As I travelled through Asia and trying to understand what was going on certain things stood out with great clarity certain things that seemed to pull all of Asia together a certain weaknesses in which the communists were directing all their fire and all their force with increasing skill one of these things particularly in an uncommitted world as we might call it the uncommitted were looked at Patton on through South Asia across India in the Middle East is the leftover memory of colonialism the people of Asia were deeply hurt by colonialism they lived under it many of them two and three hundred years and not only did they feel it stole the wealth of Asia they also felt it took away their dignity a large Cornwallis so we defeated the Battle of Yorktown was the first Burnage Governor General of India and the Indians point out that that time India was a rich nation with well developed craft industries in many ways far ahead of Europe and under colonialism they were crushed and beaten they lost down in much of their wealth but their spirit and their confidence. And they can never quite forgive the West because we've done this to them I remember how shocked I was when I had Indians I mean why did you drop the bomb on Jap pan and not on Germany we know it was because the Asians were of a different race than you and you would just assume destroy them and over and over again throughout Asia had to explain that we had invented the atomic bomb before the German surrender when you think of narrow think of fourteen years in prison fourteen long years in prison fourteen of his best years he hasn't forgotten those he can't forget them and so he's sensitive and has a chip on his shoulder and he read into things that we do some all colonial approach some memory that he's trying to put aside and as you look at all his associates in government you find that almost all of them I spent from two to twenty years somewhere in prison and those prison the years are indelibly imprinted on their mind today their respective bridge their respect their bridge because of the dignity and manner with which the British left India and much of Asia but still this mistrust of the West that feeling that they can't quite trust this language and of course it's all tied very much into the color and race situation as well now another factor is the poverty of Asia the people of Asia are very very poor but this is not new people have been poor in Asia for a long time half of the children have been dying by the time they're before the twelfth birthday a hundred million cases of malaria and all the other Harz of malnutrition and lack of food these things however are not new what is new is the fact that people throughout Asia now for the first time believe that something can be done about poverty that something can be done to create a better life for them and their family. Arnold Toynbee the British historian once said I know that the current through which we're living our living will be remembered for atomic energy and the atomic bomb but that won't be the great thing the great thing that people in the head the past the future will look back on is a factor in the current through which we're living mankind first dared to police that the benefits of modern science because the and made available to people everywhere and it has a basis in essence of the Asian revolution the desire to improve their life in a hurry they expect a great deal of science they expect too much and of course there is Communist China trying to prove that true communism a modern mistake and they build in record time and there is India saying we believe that freedom and individual rights are vitally important we won't give them up we'll add to freedom and all these individual rights more bread and more sealant erodes too and we'll meet this challenge of totalitarianism in an economic conflict now this conflict is not talked about very much except in Asia you really hear it spoken about in this country because people here are concerned with what I think a more or less the superficial quarrel angry statements and all the rest that passed between the Indians and ourselves but this basic struggle to say you have democracy can really work to see if India can add to a free constitution and free elections more bread and steel mills too and that ethic competition may well decide your future and mine no one can tell how it's coming out I don't know in many ways India has the cards stacked against her her poverty his great. Just attack their people to the limits their great five year plan is ninety five percent paid for by our own tax base but they can only be taxed to a certain point more than that a democracy must continually show progress they must show progress that people can understand from day to day it's not enough to create a great river valley development to build a great band open up great new projects far away and show pictures of these the people that's not enough the people must experience progress the Russians are putting into China something like eight billion six hundred million dollars they have there are six or seven thousand technicians working in all parts of China to try to help China to succeed in building a more or less industrial state so that they can say to a look what communism is done and look at India which has failed with all the benefits of the good civil service and some support from the west so how can you in a nations are Filipinos or Japanese How can you people in Africa in the Middle East hope to succeed where India has failed we are giving to India now something like one eighth of the amount of money that the Russians are giving to China and more than that from day to day we are concentrating so hard I know little quarrels angry statements disagreements over career disagreements over policy matters that really do not strike at the fundamentals because the fundamental is Can India really succeed if she can all of Asia will be stabilized three hundred sixty million people will say Look see how democracy works for us so you can be free you can keep your soul and your honesty in your integrity and that you can eat better and you can build a modern state. I don't these three hundred sixty million people in the central parts of Asia the strategic heart of Age of Sail that I believe all the free agents will come tumbling down around their ears. I don't think the history books will spend more than a paragraph or so. Describing whether there was angry with us or whether we were angry with him what they'll spend pages on is a story of success or failure and I believe our policy toward places is their primary objective not to people like this or love us or dree with us but can they make something of their own function and work can they recant of their past and bring that together with all the new knowledge of the future to create something good that they can believe in if they can do that then they will stay free and they will fight for their freedom against all comers but a nation a simply gives us a look service yes even if she's willing to come and could carry guns in a common cause that nation may be far less dependable for the long haul the nations who have something fundamental and deep seeded their own I'm sure of one thing and that is that we can't buy security in Asia in a matter of how high we pile our pile of atomic bombs we can't get security and Asia by arms alone if we fail to be stronger we fail to build up our Army and Navy and our Air Force if we're vulnerable to attacks certainly the Russian to attack if they see the balance of force test overwhelmingly on their side they will move no move at our current and they are unlikely ever to change their objectives which is world domination but the struggle in Asia is very complex and while you must stand firm against aggression you can't look on currently defensive measures as measures to make a free a very stable place to stop Communism in eight and neither can you by the people of Asia you can know more by then than you could by us if we go to them and say look we'll give you one hundred million dollars if you just agree with us and vote with us and do what we think. They will shake their heads just as we would shake our heads as individuals or the nation if someone attempted to buy us this is so fundamental to the people of Asia because their self-respect and their freedom has been kneeler nearly bought and they paid a high price for it they don't intend to sell it out easily and to say that they will sell their freedom for a bowl of rice simply indicates a lack of understanding of the death of their devotion to remaining free they have fought and sacrificed to get rid of the Dutch to get rid of the French to get rid the British the French to now there are unlikely to sell their new freedoms to the Russians or the Chinese. But they may disintegrate they may lose their confidence in themselves they may fail and fail again with no help from last and with the London standing and then the way they be left the disintegration and the splitting up of group against group and finally India as a kingpin of all of Asia falling to pieces was common is taking up the various plots that can happen unless we give the people of a here Lauren a standing of what we stand for and what we're trying to be and let the things that we're trying to be are awfully good people love to say today that we're religious we're hard boiled we're cynical about idealism and all last in my opinion that is dangerous America was not built by cynics it was not built by you hard boil realist as the phrase goes what you often find is just another name for a cynic it was Bill basically by people who didn't were not afraid to consider themselves idealists and his work as ideal is to build something better for themselves in a community the nation in which they live now this world of ours has become very small it's become so small that you can fly around it in a matter for five or six days we've got to reach back into our past as the great strengths of this country and try to put those strengths to work everywhere and trying to build a little bit better world community people worry that we may become isolationist and I assume that that will be by the act of some group of Americans we could become isolated and isolated not by our own actions but by the actions of other people across the seas or lost faith in the principles for which we stand. The the. The the. You have been listening to the third of these in the book and author luncheon today. Because they're both Admiral Leslie and Mary. Literary Editor of The New York Herald Tribune mistress of ceremonies. Programs will be broadcast on sixty and be with us that this has been a transcribed public service that he station.